History of the Sound Card :: essays research papers

History of the Sound Card How it Came AboutThe very first well invoice every manufactured was a Sound Blaster fare. Far West was the manufacturer of the first Sound Blaster sound card. Lets misuse back a little in time to take a look back at when sound cards havent in time yet existed.Computers were never designed to handle sound. Before sound cards were invented, the only sounds you would hear from a computer would be the beeps that would tell you if something was wrong with the computer. Thats all No sounds would accompany any games, you couldnt play music at all, nothing Computer programmers wanted to use the beeps for games they created, and so they would program the beeps into their games. However, it would be awful music as an accompaniment to games like Space Invaders.Far West came up with the solution, thus the invention of the first Sound Blaster sound card. It still wasnt good quality music, but it was a big step up from just the beeps. It could record real audio and play it back, something of a quantum dancing. It also had a MIDI interface, still common on sound cards today, which could control synthesizers, samplers and other electronic music equipment. The first sound card was of 8 bit 11 kHz audio quality, similar to an AM radio.There are two parts to the complicated piece of electronics, the sound card. ADC and DAC were they. ADC is the analog-to-digital convertor and DAC being the opposite (digital-to-analog converter). ADC took an analog signal from a device and converts it to digital signals for the computer to use, as DAC did the exact opposite, taking a digital signal and converting it to analog. However, in the future, there will be no use of ADC and DAC since both speakers and microphones will be able to directly record and playback digital signals directly. An example of ADC would be a sound through the microphone being recorded into the computer. A CD player is an example of a device that uses DAC.Digital audio has its advantages. hotshot would be that no matter how many times it is copied it remains identical. It does not degrade analogue sources. An example of an analogue source is vinyl. A leap up to 16 bit 44.1 kHz was a major development. This is the quality of a CD. This became a problem for the ISA bus.

Comparison Of Perugino And Caravaggio :: essays research papers

The artists of the Baroque had a remarkably different panache than artists of the Renaissance due to their different approach to form, space, and write up. This extreme differentiation in style resulted in a very different treatment of narrative. Perhaps this drastic stylistic difference between the Renaissance and Baroque in their treatment of form, space, and composition and how these characteristics effect the narrative of a picture cannot be seen more than in comparing Peruginos Christ Delivering the Keys of the Kingdom to St. Peter from the Early Renaissance to Caravaggios Conversion of St. Paul from the Baroque.Perugino was one of the greatest masters of the Early Renaissance whose style ischaracterized by the Renaissance ideals of purity, simplicity, and exceptional symmetry of composition. His approach to form in Christ Delivering the Keys of the Kingdom to St.Peter was very linear. He outlined all the figures with a black line giving them a sense of stability, permanence , and power in their environment, nevertheless restricting the figures sense of movement. In fact, the figures seem to not move at all, but rather are merely locked at a specific chip in time by their rigid outline. Peruginos approach to the figuresthemselves is extremely humanistic and classical. He shines light on the figures in a clear, even way, tutelage with the rational and uncluttered meaning of the work. His figures are all locked in a contrapposto pose engaging in intellectual conversation with their neighbor, giving a potent sense of classical rationality. The figures are repeated over and over such as this to convey a rational response and to show the viewer clarity. Peruginos approach to space was also very rational and simple. He organizes space along three simple planes foreground, middle ground, and background. Christ and Saint Peter read the center foreground and solemn choruses of saints and citizens occupy the rest of the foreground. The middle distance is fil led with miscellaneous figures, which complement the front group, emphasizing its density and order, by their mazed arrangement. Buildings from the Renaissance and triumphal arches from Roman antiquity occupy the background, reinforcing the overall classical message to the painting even though the event represented in the painting took place long before the Roman Empire. The center temple that occupies the background has a vanishing point running through its doorway and if it werent for this illusionistic technique, the painting would be very two-dimensional.

Lord Of The Flies :: essays research papers

In Leonard Adames poem, Black and White, he describes how the ruling minority of the whites treated blacks. The main root word of the poem is to tell the withdrawer of that time, how the blacks were being treated. He uses great diction to describe the treatment. For instance he says, they lay like catch in the shopping mall sun, which helps the reader understand that the men were on the ground like fish in the sun. He also uses imagery, in which many words described in the poem refer to black and white. The diction Adame uses tries to describe the relationship between black and white. For example he states, photographers stare and snap at the dead men, at the keyboard of rifles above their heads. These two lines describe the white photographers starring at the dead black men and taking pictures of them for the newspaper. The newspaper that the white photographers are taking pictures for is emblematical because it is made up of the colors black and white. He also uses a metaphor in describing the rifles taken from the dead men. He says, Keyboard of rifles, which describes the rifles all lined up like the keys on a keyboard. The diction he uses in this poem really lets you understand the differences between black and white in the African township of Rhodesia. The motive uses great detail to describe his poem. For example he writes, Rhodesia, sweaty flank of the world, which lets the reader understand that Rhodesia is a hot place. He also writes, I read as quietly as they lay. This means that he is reading as quietly as the dead Africans lay, meaning very very quietly. The detail the author uses helps the reader tremendously understand the poem and the setting it is in.The structure of the poem is very easy to follow. The first stanza talks about the author reading and whence says that the men were put as a lesson to others. Then in the second stanza it describes what the men look like. The third stanza states what a secretary says to the people. The fina l paragraph states the photographers ring and taking pictures of the dead men. The author does not use many sound patterns in this poem. He does use some near rhymes such as, sweaty and quietly or lesson and sun. He uses an onomatopoeia in the 21st line to describe the sound of, snap that the cameras made.

Free Trade? Essay -- essays research papers

In an economic age in which speedy transactions of imports and exports argon essential, is free trade a necessity for aiding worldwide economic development? At least John F. Kennedy thought so, he being the initiator of removing tariffs and other limitations on U.S. imports. His hypothesis was that by doing that, other nations would follow Americas example and leadership. However, that never happened because the other nations were more concerned with their own problems. Even today, the united States continues to support free trade, an example being NAFTA (North America Free Trade Agreement). The problem is that Americas generosity has caused the foreign industry to take everywhere the U.S. marketplace. This unfortunately has resulted in high unemployment rates just because consumers and firms can purchase foreign goods for a little less than domestic products. But with this countrys abundant resources, is free trade really necessary?From a conservative viewpoint, the only remedy to decrease unemployment and stimulate our own economic growth is to chuck up the sponge the free trade policy and raise tariffs. Free trade has only crippled the American work force, increased beggary, and added to our national debt. If the liberals in Washington D.C. penury proof, look at the figures today there are about 10 million unemployed citizens and 35 million Americans are living in poverty because of free trade. Its obvious that the foreign industry is taking advantage of us. Just visit any clothing sto...

The Scarlet Ibis :: essays research papers

James Hursts short story, "The Scarlet Ibis" reveals that the brotherly bond between the teller and scrawl is an intrinsic component in the story. If Doodle was a girl, the brotherly connection and bond would be lost, resulting in many variations throughout the story. If Doodle was a girl the narrator probably wouldnt spend as much time with Doodle. A brother-brother relationship is very different than a brother-sister relationship. Doodle would likely be approximater to another(prenominal) female such as her mother. Young girls tend to spend more time indoors with their mothers learning to sew, reviveing with dolls and other girl things. Its not that a brother-sister relationship is non-existent, but its a lot different. With Doodle spending more time inside, "she" wouldnt ever experience summers down by the swamp learning to run, box seat and climb trees. All of those things be things that little boys do. Brothers spend more time outside running, wrestling a nd playing sports. They enjoy doing things that take physical skill. Even if Doodle went outside, she probably wouldnt be interested in running through the forest and climbing trees. Chances are that she would be more into picking wildflowers and feeding the squirrels. There are rare occasions where you will find a real special brother-sister relationship, especially at the age Doodle and his brother were at. Younger children often play with other kids of the same gender and thinks the opposite sex has "kuddies." The two children would be at a vulnerable age to risk a close relationship. nigh(a) brother and sister relationships dont usually evolve until the mid teenage years. For example I have two older sisters that I am very close with now, but when I was novel I didnt want anything to with them. So I began to develop a close relationship with my dad at a young age. That is why I believe that if Doodle was a girl, she would have been connected closer with her mother beca use of the gender relation. Not as much is expected physically from a girl, therefore I believe Doodle would be handicapped the rest of "her" life.

The Scarlet Ibis :: essays research papers

James Hursts short story, "The Scarlet Ibis" reveals that the br new(prenominal)ly bond surrounded by the narrator and scratch is an essential component in the story. If Doodle was a girl, the fellowly connection and bond would be lost, resulting in many variations throughout the story. If Doodle was a girl the narrator probably wouldnt spend as much time with Doodle. A brother-brother relationship is very different than a brother-sister relationship. Doodle would potential be closer to another female such as her mother. Young girls tend to spend more time indoors with their mothers learning to sew, playing with dolls and other girl things. Its not that a brother-sister relationship is non-existent, but its a lot different. With Doodle spending more time inside, "she" wouldnt ever experience summers down by the swamp learning to run, box and climb trees. All of those things are things that little boys do. Brothers spend more time outside running, wrestling and pla ying sports. They enjoy doing things that emergence physical skill. Even if Doodle went outside, she probably wouldnt be interested in running through the forest and climbing trees. Chances are that she would be more into option wildflowers and feeding the squirrels. There are rare occasions where you will find a real special brother-sister relationship, especially at the age Doodle and his brother were at. Younger children often play with other kids of the same gender and thinks the opposite sex has "kuddies." The two children would be at a vulnerable age to venture a close relationship. Close brother and sister relationships dont usually evolve until the mid teenage years. For example I have two older sisters that I am very close with now, but when I was young I didnt want anything to with them. So I began to develop a close relationship with my daddy at a young age. That is why I believe that if Doodle was a girl, she would have been connected closer with her mother b ecause of the gender relation. Not as much is expected physically from a girl, therefore I believe Doodle would be handicapped the rest of "her" life.

Crime †Morality Essay

Giving credit to the definition given above, morality describes the principles that govern our behavior. It guides us or our course of actions. Since childhood, we go through been told by our dear parents to always do estimable and act right. We were taught on how to be disciplined. Even in school, since nursery, kindergarten and especially during elementary, good morals and right conduct were always reminded to us by our dear teachers. But what happened to these values upon reaching secondary school? Students in these years slant to be more carefree and they want to do things their way.They crave for independence and freedom leading to rebelliousness and loss of values if their desires werent considered by their families. Does that think of that growing up at the same time losing the virtues come at the same time? What happened to the manners that were ought to be followed by heart? Their was once a teenage boy that was known in the neighborhood to be a thief since he was young. He had been caught many times and been to jail for many times too. He is always making promises not to do the wickedness again but still endures to repeat the act many time.He was asked why hes doing such thing at a very young age where in fact he still have his parents? He was questioned of not being taught of choosing right from wrong. Then he answered Are morals more important than the needs that I have to fulfill? You are lucky because you have your parents that can provide your necessities. But what about me? My siblings? His resemblance was too pitiful that he doesnt have the parents who are good providers. But it conferred to a identification that we cant put the blame to the parents.The familys suffering from poverty affecting not only the familys stand of morality but likewise the perspective of each family member. Crime statistics shows that as of year 2007, 65,944 crimes were committed or 115. 6 crimes per 100,000 population and 17. 4% of these were because of robbe ry. Thats according to the PNP records. The cause of robberies were primarily caused by POVERTY. So in the minds of most people and of the Filipinos, fighting against hunger is better than having an integrity with an empty stomach. That there are more important things to consider than honest being in line of doing good and upright.But isnt it easier to consider fighting against poverty and following morals? Than being able to commit crime and unrighteousness because we wanted to achieve our wants and needs? Its like cheating during exams to get a high grade the same way easier to study enceinte to get high grades. If we just take on hard, there will be mountains hard enough to climb and trials that we cant survive. If wed just work on our faith in God, live up our religion to help us to take the right path of doing the good way and at the end, we index get what we want and it might be greater than wed expect.

Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs and the Road to Self-Actualization PSY 330 Theories of Personality January 30th, 2012 Abraham Maslow Hierarchy of Needs and the Road to Self-Actualization Abraham Maslow was an American theorist that was whiz of the advocates of manistic psychology. He believed that self-actualization is a situation that exists when a person is acting in accordance with his or her full electromotive force (Hergenhahn & Olson, 2011).I will illustrate the key plans of Maslows hierarchy of require of humans, research the methodologies of his concept, and address how self-actualization has conceptualized on this type of personality development. His contribution to humanistic psychology has helped self-help enthusiasts, educators, and business proprietors alike. Maslows hierarchy of need was one of the main theories that aided in paving the route to what he believed was self-actualization.Because Positive regard assists in the growth of motivation, in that locat ion ar certain essential functional take that human needs, and macrocosm can fulfill their full potential in a validating manner. Who was Abraham H. Maslow? Abraham Maslow was born in Brooklyn, New York on April 1, 1908. His parents were immigrants from Russia who were poor and had six other children after(prenominal) Abraham. He spent his time mostly by himself and liked to read. Being that he was Jewish in a neighborhood that was not he matte up unhappy and lonely.As a child he had parents that were emotionally and verbally abusive towards him and over time he grew to progress to strong flavorings of hatred especially for his mother. He eventually made amends with his father, but never did so with his mother. When Maslow transferred from City College of New York to Cornell University in 1927 his introduction to Psychology was unexceptional at best. Maslows prof Edward B. Tichener lectured scientific introspection that he found to be cold and boring, and caused him to lose interest in psychology temporarily (Hergenhahn & Olson, 2011). A year slowlyr he went back to City College of New York.He went on to the University of Wisconsin where he received a Bachelors Degree in 1930, his Masters Degree in 1931, and his Doctoral Degree in 1934. While living in Wisconsin, Maslow married his first cousin and childhood sweetheart, Bertha Goodman, and they eventually had two children (Hergenhahn & Olson, 2011). In the mid 1930s, Maslow worked as a Carnegie fellow for 18 months under theorist Edward L. Thorndike. Thorndikes theories were similar to the studies of theorists Pavlov and B. F. Skinner. He theorized animal intelligence and applied animal to human educational experiences (Indiana. edu, 2012).Thorndike accent mark was on Behaviorism and Psychoanalysis. The type of people he was interested in like Albert Einstein were people that had solid evidence of them doing whatever they needed to do to achieve their highest potential. Maslow found their innovative ways of creativity to be one that needed to be studied and examined. Throughout the 1940s and early 1950s he continued to strengthen his interest with people that he considered to be self-actualizers, looking back at history, he studied individuals such as Abraham Lincoln, Jane Adams, Albert Einstein and Albert Schweitzer (strenghtfoundation. rg).By the late 1950s, a unyielding with Clark Moustakeas, who was another revolutionary psychologist, set up two meetings that were held in Detroit among psychologists who were interested in founding a professional association dedicated to a more meaningful, more humanistic vision (strenghtfoundation. org). This was where the Third Force, Humanistic Psychology began to take form. Many topics were discussed that fell under the same umbrella on how self-actualization is manifested and what were the building blocks of ones originality.Three years after the meetings Brandels University sponsored the introduction of the American Association for Hu manistic Psychology (strenghtfoundation. org). This was the beginning of one of the groundbreaking contributions to Psychology Abraham Maslow has done. other way that Maslow has contributed to Psychology by making sure through gatherings, meetings, lectures, and theory that the matter of humanistic psychology is just as valuable and needed to be taught as that of Pavlovs theory of behaviorism and that of Freudians psychoanalysis theory.As a prophet of human potential, Maslow believed the realization of ones total potential variously described as self-realization to be the ultimate goal of all human kind (Dhiman, 2007). He did this with extensive research and by functional with theorist that shared the same interests, like Carl Rogers. He did his bit on teaching at a university, but quickly found out that he did not like it in truth much and had the students teach the class as he monitored. The times that he did lecture the class, he asked questions that broaden the horizons of how the student power saw themselves in the future.The questions were similar to Who wants to be president? Or a great composer, and even an aspiration to be a saint? (Dhiman, 2007). I believe this gave the students a platform to start thinking of a broader prospective for them and create what they needed to build their motivation to do and be anything that they can imagine to be. This drive or push in their self- value is one of the best ways to feel like they are needed and wanted. According to a book written and reviewed by R.J Lowry, it was an assembly of eight articles that were written by Maslow and his research on humans and the character structure one of the articles depicted his theory of human motivation and his concept on the hierarchy of human needs (Lowry, 1975).Maslows Hierarchy of Human needs is one of his most popular theories. Maslows focal point on his theory of motivation was the concept was that humans stick out a set of needs. According to our text, the hierarch y of human needs is an arrangement of the needs from lowest to highest in terms of their potency (Hergenhahn & Olson, 2011). reckon figure1). Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs pic Figure 1, Maslow Enhanced 2011. This figure illustrates the various take aims of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs was one of the main theories that assisted in paving the route to what he believed was self-actualization.The lowest part of the pyramid is the Biological and Physiological needs. One would think that basic vitality needs like air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, etc. , would be an essential need. How would we as humans, be able to live without it. To Maslow he didnt look at it that way. According to Maslow, psychology has overemphasized the importance of such needs in determining the behavior of humans in a modern society a persons smell cannot be dominated by hunger or thirst (Hergenhahn & Olson, 2011). He was interested in knowing what happens when the needs of the p hysiological nature have been met. The guerilla form on the pyramid is Safety Needs. Feeling off the hook(predicate) and secure means so much for many. Having that need builds a mavin of trust that everything is acquittance to be alright. It is of great gratification for humans that are able to not worry about harm.Inching closer to the top and in actuality right in the heart is my favorite, Love Needs and Belongingness. This tier incorporates the need of affection, relationships, family, etc. Making a connection to a person and/or group is a very of import need to some individuals. Ive seen that the lack of this need has left some individuals feeling lonely and not having a sense of purpose. In some cases, these individuals stop up creation very depressed. The fourth tier that is closest to the top and the second most primary(prenominal) tier is Esteem Needs.According to the ledger of Asset Management, esteem needs are the desire for achievement, confidence to face the w orld, independence, freedom, the desire for reputation and prestige, recognition, attention, and importance (De Brouwer, 2009). I would think that these are the needs that one needs in order to build self-esteem. These needs include respect, recognition, and confidence (strenghtfoundation. org). Having this type of need is important in any dynamic of family, employees, friendship, and companionship. Feeling validated and a sense of importance can be viewed as really important, it did to Maslow.He advised that lack of esteem needs results in discouragement and feelings of inferiority (Hergenhahn & Olson, 2011). The final and top tier is self-actualization. Self-actualization the highest level in the hierarchy of needs, which can be reached only if the preceding need levels have been adequately satisfied (Hergenhahn & Olson, 2011). This is where the individual is living and being at their highest potential. The tier describes it as reaching the need of personal growth and fulfillment. As a student, I know that I am doing whatever there is feasible to reach this need.I did once with my job. I felt that whatever task and/or issue that I was given gave me the necessary tools and resources to help me feel that I was on the right track of achieving this very need. Since then I was laid off with hundreds of others. I have yet found a job that I could feel that way again. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs has been used as a backdrop for corporate markets, economic structures, and personality development. For example, Maslows theory has been used to announce development of Quality of Life in countries over time (Hagerty, 1999).This prediction was done to a series of 88 countries from 1960-1994 (Hagerty, 1999). All were being researched against Maslows level of needs. Could humans and/or even countries strive and achieve growth and potential coming from a terrible circumstance. Do they have to have these needs in place to transition to the next level? Some people thought that Maslows theory could be challenged. A writer of an article about Maslow wrote that there were many people who have grown despite or even because of tough circumstances (strenghtfoundation. org).Maslow did have some doubts but still stood by on how people thrive through a hopeful atmosphere. Human nature has shown differences and what are alike in this hierarchy of needs. Most of the examples are in societal atmospheres. Teenagers for example seek acceptance from their peers. As a teen, I wanted to feel I was part of my group and I wanted them to like me. I saw how the treated those that they didnt care for and I did not want that to happen to me. As I grew older I didnt really have that need of acceptance. I see that my son as a young boy doesnt care if he is accepted or not.He has friends, but he feels that he doesnt have to jump through hoop to keep them or make them like him. Generally, it is common for most individuals to want to feel safe and secure. Having a sense of fear is not healthy. It can bring forth anxiety that could be detrimental to other areas in their life. Many humans see that they cant live without the physiological need. If I was asked before reading more about the hierarchy of needs, I would say that that would be the most important need. If we dont eat we will not survive. Maslow has me thinking twice.This need is a never ending cycle and we have to meet it. The other needs to some could be conditional or something that they dont deem to be important. A healthy outlook would be that of seeing these needs as a transitional platform to move on to the next goal. Some of the time we dont get everything aligned together and needs met when they are supposed to. These are the times when an individual can find that this experience could be difficult to deal with. This would be an example to be unhealthy. Some people would obsess on the fact that they are lacking, lonely, and not achieving their highest potential.Most people dont really know ho w to handle these circumstances and deal with them on a negative way. Others know how to look at the glass as half full then half empty and take a more positive approach to achieving their needs. Maslow believed that all human needs including the need for self-actualization were instinctoid, it must be the environment (society, culture) that determines the highest level of attainment in the hierarchy of needs (Hergenhahn & Olson, 2011). In my experience, the needs that are described in Maslows hierarchy are those that I am constantly tried to move up to and maintain for as long as I remember.The some such as love needs, physiological, and safety needs are constantly going in and out of not being met. I know that I dont live my life dwelling on what I dont have. I believe very much in myself that I would be able to have those needs met. In conclusion, theory of the achieving the goal to self-actualization relies on the hierarchy of needs that I have illustrated in depth. Individuals are given the opportunity to achieve these needs and move up higher in the tier. Maslows hierarchy of need was one of the main theories that assisted in paving the route to what he believed was self-actualization.Because Positive regard assists in the growth of motivation, there are certain essential functional needs that human needs, and humans can fulfill their full potential in a positive manner. References Hergenhahn, B. & Olson, M. (2011). An introduction to theories of personality (8th ed). De Brouwer, P.. (2009). Maslowian Portfolio Theory An alternative formulation of the Behavioural Portfolio Theory. Journal of Asset Management, 9(6), 359-365. Retrieved January 29, 2012, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID 1645869911). Dhiman, S.. (2007). Personal Mastery Our Quest for Self-Actualization,Meaning, and Highest Purpose. Interbeing, 1(1), 25-35. Retrieved January 29, 2012, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID 1680535071 Lowry, R. J. (1975). Dominance, Self Esteem, Self-Actuali zation Germinal Papers. Contemporary Sociology, 4(5), 556-557. Retrieved January 24, 2012, from the Jstor database. Hagerty, Michael R. (1999). Testing Maslows hierarchy of needs National quality-of-life across time. hearty Indicators Research, 46(3), 249-271. Retrieved January 30, 2012, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID 42213750). Figure 1, Maslow Enhanced CIBU California International Business University. (2011, March 14).Bachelor Degree, MBA Program, Doctor of Business Administration CIBU California International Business University. Retrieved January 27, 2012, from http//cibu. edu/general-posts/maslow-enhanced/ Human perception Edward L. Thorndike. (2012, January 26). Indiana University. Retrieved January 29, 2012, from http//www. indiana. edu/intell/ethorndike Abraham Maslows work on strengths The Strengths Foundation. (n. d. ). Welcome to The Strengths Foundation Sharing the Strengths Way of Encouraging People. Retrieved January 29, 2012, from http//www. thestrengths foundation. org/3-tips-for-understanding-abraham-maslows-work-on-strengths

Contempary Management Skills

Contract Non-legal Implications of a breach of quash would Include potential loss of creditably In the marketplace and loss of bare-assed/return business for the party who breached the contract. Egg, a companion selling goods and services, a damaged reputation could result in the loss of new and existing client contracts. Egg. A breach of a loan contract, the potential loss of credit rating affecting future credit potential and business opportunities. Flow on effects of consequent outcomes for the party against whom the breach has occurred (Ultimate 2013).Egg. A contract breach by a car components company against a car manufacturing company would toy with the car manufacturing companys inability to meet their customer contracts, potentially leading to a competitive loss In the marketplace and financial ruin if severe enough. A personal example, Is when I pre- booked a hotel for a holiday expecting my car to be serviced on time. However the breech of agreement of the car servicing company by falling to have my car ready on time (2 days late) meant I started my holiday late and lost 2 hotel nights.Flow on consequences likewise result in loss of competitive position or opportunity for the party against whom the breach has occurred. Egg. If the contract breech meant a company or someone was not paid the monies due to them, there would be lost opportunity to pursue other avenues for investment with those funds. Emotional distress for both the parties. This could be specially pertinent in instances Involving individuals and should not be under-estimated if it involves a significant life Impact such as loss of financial position. Self help remedies available For the party who has breached the contact includePursing consultation and negotiation with the contracted party to discuss alternative arrangements and resolution to avoid litigation. For the party against whom the breach has occurred understand the generous term and conditions of the contract to determi ne whether a case for breech of contact is allowed without legal ramification conduct a cost-benefit analysis of loss of the contract breech vs. the potential legal and non-legal costs before Annihilating any litigation. Document a schedule of projected cots/damages and the potential loss as a result of contract breech should a case for compensation be urged.Expectation / reliance loss document and outline the position that would have been attained should the contract have been performed that the plaintiff would outcome but minimize damages and legal costs (Ultimate 2013). Explore preventive strategies to minimize damage in the event of a contract breech. Egg. A landlord taking out tenant protection insurance for loss of rent to non-paying tenants rather than taking legal action against a tenets that is plausibly to be more costly overall Ultimate, P 2013, Australian Business Law, 32nd Eden, ACH Australia Limited, Sydney, NEWS.

The Ashinabe Culture

The research is focused on one of the Indian tribes of Canada called the Ashinabe. Their destination and social customs are investigated, its importance determined and put into context of use within the contemporary ending. The Ashinabe of the Great Lakes tribes settled in Turtle Island in Canada before the arrival of the Europeans or the light-skinned race as the Ashinabe called them.They were a instalment of the group called the First Nations consisting of native Indian watchants of Canada. The Ashinabe had close family ties and kin communities.However, like other natives of modern times, the Ashinabe had to fight for their rights to their land and culture. As inherent to the natives who first inhabit the Continents of America, the Ashinabe are rich in social custom. The meaning and practices of these customs are handed d sustain from generation to generation by the respected Elders through stories that are often identified as myths and legends. The Ashinabe had clear divisi on of what does a woman and man do in society. The women were in-charge of household chores while the men go away to hunt for food.The Ashinabe males take pride in their hunting skills. Another particular example of Ashinabe social custom is the telling of stories, of which the prominent one is the foretelling of the future tense through the Seven prophecies of Fire that represents seven different eras. It is interesting to note that in these fourth through sixth prophecies, it tells of the coming of the light-skinned mountain and how they give influence the Ashinabe race and this is validated by history when the Europeans came and took over the land and introduce their own teachings and way of life.The Ashinabe people love to hold ceremonies which is often a reflection of their religious beliefs (in spirits of nature). In conducting their ceremonies the Ashinabe had the social custom of gathering together in circles. They have a service called the sharing circle where a facil itator encourages the members of the circle to share their feelings or their views concerning a problem or solution.If it is a healing circle, facilitated by experienced healers, the members are asked of their desire to begin the healing transition and this could be an emotional activity for the participants hence emotional supports are provided during and afterward the circle. For doctoring ailments, the medicine man consults the spirits for remedies. In both circles, a stick, or play off or feather is passed around to make the sharing easier and focused. In ceremonies, sacred fires are lit and tobacco offerings are offered to the Creator, Kitchi- Manitou.The most well known ceremony of the Ashinabe is the prisoner of war Wow (feast of the pipes) with its activity of following a Pow Wow trail all summer. Unfortunately, because of commercialization and as an attraction to tourist, people forget that Pow Wow is indeed a serious ceremony for peace and giving gratitude and appreciat ion for the spirits of nature, with each song and dance offered as prayers to their Creator. The participants wore colorful regalia, jingle-jangle dress that is full of symbolic meaning but unfortunately recognized by most as just a costume.Feasts are then held after the Pow Wow ceremony where squash, corn and beans (the Three Sisters that sustained their ancestors) are always included to feed the people. A spirit plate, containing a sample of e real(prenominal) dish, is made before any one partakes of the food and it is passed around for the guest. Feasts are in like manner held for other occasions like weddings or when naming a child. The Ashinabe also practice the giving away of gifts in their ceremonies and feasts to honor someone and this gifts should be meaningful to the giver and to the one with whom the gift is given.The social custom of the Ashinabe people is very important as it reflect the way of life of the past and hence, the history of the early inhabitants of Canad a. Although their ceremonies are considered now as one of the main tourist attractions and their rite object as souvenirs, to the Ashinabe it held a deep symbolic meaning and tells so much of who they are as a person and people. Moreover, the social custom of the Ashinabe tells so much of how they view life and understanding these social customs is the key to understanding the Ashinabe mind and culture.The Ashinabe culture in some ways contradicts the contemporary culture which can be a source of conflict and tension, like for example in contemporary culture, tobacco is not used as an offering and women seeks fulfillment outside the home. However, one can observed that Ashinabe culture is similar to the contemporary culture like having a feast and ceremony for special occasions. Moreover, as the Ashinabe culture gets intermingled in the mainstream culture they help enrich and give color to the culture of the whites.For example, the Pow Wow had become a good attraction for business , the arts and objects of the Ashinabe people had become favorite souvenirs and home decorations. However, the Ashinabe also adopted the culture of the whites, making them lose their own culture and hence their leadership and confidence in themselves. At present, Ashinabe people are trying to revive their culture but the problem however is with the Cultural Appropriation that takes place when the dominant whites claim as their own the culture (their arts and literature, for example) of the minorities like the Ashinabe.The whites gain profit by selling the arts of the Ashinabe. Moreover, the most painful is the taking of the Ashinabe historical lands (without their consent and often through a betrayal of trust and promises) which had played a major role in their cultural history. This has been one of the sources of contention and conflict between the government and the Ashinabe people at present.

Social Media in the Hiring Process

A current and somewhat controversial topic regarding the hiring process is employers use of social media screening. The most popular sites to be checked are Facebook, LinkedIn, and Twitter and now more than ever, companies are smell on the Internet to see if applicants are active on these social media websites (Swallow). Harris synergetic conducted a survey of 2,303 respondents from February 9, 2012 through March 2, 2012 to find out how many companies apply social media sites to check on job applicants.The results showed that 37 percentage of respondents indicated their companies used social media web sites to check on job candidates. Sixty-five percent indicated they were looking to see if a job candidate appeared professional and 51 percent indicated that they were checking to see if the candidate would be a good match in the companys culture (Social Media A Big soften of Hiring butt against). Another survey done by a social media monitoring service, Reppler, reveals even hi gher results.Their ascertain found that over 90 percent of recruiters and hiring managers take visited a potential candidates profile on a social network as part of the screening process. The study also shows that 69 percent of recruiters have rejected a candidate ground on content found on his or her social networking profiles although 68 percent guess that they have actually hired a candidate based on his or her activity on those sites. The most common reasons for rejection include lies about qualifications, opposed photos (racy or indicative of drug or alcohol use), negative comments about a previous employer, and poor communication skills.The most common reasons that an employer has hired person later on viewing his or her social media profile include demonstration of a positive personality and good organizational fit, evident creativity, and good references stick on by others (Swallow). Although screening social media profiles can provide employers with a wealth of usef ul information, it also comes with some potential pitfalls. Employers can get in distract by obtaining information that is unlawful to consider in an employment decision such as an applicants race, religion, national origin, age, pregnancy status, marital status, disability, intimate orientation, and gender.In order to decrease the likelihood of a discrimination charge, employers sometimes have a person not involved with the hiring process review social media sites in order to filter out information about inclusion in a fostered class (Michale). There are also social media screening services that claim to filter out any information pertaining to a protected class (Sterling Infosystems). As was mentioned earlier, one of the reasons for employers choosing not to hire someone based on their social media profile is inappropriate photos, including those in which alcohol use is shown.Using this as a reason to reject an applicant can put the employer in a sticky situation depending on th e particular states off-duty laws. In over half the states it is unlawful for an employer to take an adverse employment execute based on an employees lawful conduct on their own time, even if the employee is only prospective. In Using Facebook to Screen Potential Hires Can encounter You Sued, Robert Michale cites Minnesota as an example. In this state it is unlawful for an employer to prohibit a prospective employee from using lawful products such as alcohol and tobacco.So how can applicants protect themselves or best represent themselves within the social media domain? Renee capital of Mississippi, a Labor and Employment lawyer with Nixon Peabody LLP, has some advice to give. Jackson recommends that applicants assume that companies are looking for information about applicants online, whether or not its true. Another tip is to try displaying the most professional online image possible. In order to get a glimpse of ones image, Jackson encourages job seekers to Google themselves an d some keywords from their resumes and see what results come up (Quast).Chirag Nangia, CEO of the social media screening service Reppify, offers advice similar to Renee Jacksons. Nangia encourages job seekers to try to depict themselves in a manner that would be attractive to the company they want to be a part of. A ZDNet study indicated that British Facebook users are drunk in 76 percent of their photos. It doesnt take a Human Resources guru to know that this is probably not the best mold of professional behavior (Quast). Finally, a prospective that hasnt been touched on is that of the applicants.A study presented at the 27th Annual Society for Industrial and Organizational psychology Conference in April 2012 shows that employers that use online screening practices may be unattractive or reduce their attractiveness to job applicants and current employees alike. The study involved clxxv students who applied for a fictitious job they believed to be real and were later informed the y were screened. Applicants were less willing to take a job offer after being screened, perceiving the action to reflect on the organizations fairness and treatment of employees based on a post-study questionnaire.They also felt their privacy was invaded. flora Cited Ahearn, Tom. Social Network concealment by Employers May Make Companies Unattractive to Job Applicants. ESR News Background Check News from Employment Screening Resources (ESR) A. N. p. , 10 July 2012. Web. 18 Oct. 2012. . Michale, Robert. Using Facebook To Screen Potential Hires Can Get You Sued. Fast Company. N. p. , 20 July 2012. Web. 8 Oct. 2012. . Quast, Lisa. Recruiting, Reinvented How Companies Are Using Social Media In The Hiring Process. Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 21 May 2012. Web. 18 Oct. 2012. . Quast, Lisa. Social Media, Passwords, and the Hiring Process Privacy and Other Legal Rights. Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 28 May 2012.Web. 18 Oct. 2012. . Social Media a Big Part of Hiring Process. UPI. N. p. , 18 A pr. 2012. Web. 18 Oct. 2012. . Sterling Infosystems Why Screen? Sterling Infosystems Why Screen? N. p. , n. d. Web. 18 Oct. 2012. .

A Study on Comparison Between Chinese Values and American Values

On the enculturation shock in the film of Gua Sha Culture shock was introduced to descried the anxiety produced when a psyche moves to a completely new environment, e pickyly when a person arrives in a new country where he is confronted with a new pagan environment. In our modern society, more and more people get this sick. You step into a new socialisation world. Everything around you is new. You begin to adapt. atomic number 53 of the most common causes of assimilation shock involves individuals in a foreign environment.Culture shock can be described as consisting of at least one of five distinct phases Honeymoon, Negotiation, Adjustment, subordination and Independence, are the most common attributes that pertain to existing problems, further hindrances include information overload, language barrier, generation gap, technology gap, skill interdependence, formulation dependency, homesickness, infinite regress, boredom, answer ability. There is no true way to entirely preven t culture shock, as individuals in any society are personally affected by cultural contrasts diversely.But, this process takes time. Generally speaking, culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. Culture shock involved ii aspects somatogenetic symptoms of culture shock and psychological symptoms of culture shock. And, how can we cure culture shock? The first coping mechanism is called repression. This happens when we pretend that everything is acceptable and that nothing bothers us. The stand by one is called regression. We forget everything, and something we become careless and irresponsible.The third kind of defense mechanism is called isolation. It is one of the worst coping mechanisms we can use because it separates us from those things that could authentically help us. Grandfather Xu comes from China to visit the family of his son, Datong Xu, in St. Louis. While there, he induces his grand son, Dennis Xu , a treatment of Gua Sha to treat a slight fever. The authorities, however, mistake the immaculate traditional Chinese medical treatment for child abuse due to the obvious marks left on Dennis back. The family goes through hell when the child is taken international by the child protection agency.Meanwhile, Grandfather Xu leaves America because he finds that the living environment is really not suitable for him, as he feels that a simple, harmless treatment like Gua Sha, which is so common in China, is treated as child abuse in America. Furthermore, he cannot converse in English. An American mate of the father, Benton Davi), tries gua sha and proves that the treatment leaves painful-looking marks that are not actually painful or harmful at all. Finally, the father is able to return home and the family is reunited.Returning to ones home culture after growing accustomed to a new one can produce the same effects as described above. This results from the psychosomatic a nd psychological consequences of the accommodation process to the primary culture. The affected person a good deal finds this more surprising and difficult to deal with than the original culture shock. This phenomenon, the reactions that members of the re-entered culture exhibit toward the re-entrant, and the inevitability of the two are encapsulated in the saying you cant go home again, first coined by Thomas Wolfe in his book of that title.Honeymoon phase During this period, the differences between the old and new culture are seen in a romantic light. For example, in moving to a new country, an individual might love the new food, the pace of life, and the locals habits. During the first some weeks, most people are fascinated by the new culture. They associate with nationals who speak their language, and who are polite to the foreigners. This period is full of observations and new discoveries.Like most holiday periods, this stage after some time, differences between the old and new culture become apparent and whitethorn create anxiety. Excitement may eventually give way to unpleasant feelings of frustration and anger as one continues to experience unfavorable events that may be perceived as strange and offensive to ones cultural attitude. Language barriers, stark differences in public hygiene, traffic safety, food accessibility and quality may heighten the sense of disconnection from the surroundings.While being transferred into a different environment puts special pressure on parley skills, there are practical difficulties to overcome, such as circadian rhythm disruption that often leads to insomnia and solar day drowsiness adaptation of gut flora to different bacteria levels and concentrations in food and water difficulty in seeking treatment for illness, as medicines may have different names from the native countrys and the same active ingredients might be hard to recognize.Still, the most important change in the period is communication People adjust ing to a new culture often feel lonely and homesick because they are not yet used to the new environment and accommodate people with whom they are not familiar every day. The language barrier may become a major obstacle in creating new relationships special attention must be paid to ones and others culture-specific body language signs, linguistic faux pas, conversation tone, linguistic nuances and customs, and false fries.In the case of Gua Sha, some develop excess symptoms of loneliness that ultimately affect their lifestyles as a whole. Due to the strain of living in a different country without parental support, international students often feel anxious and feel more pressure while adjusting to new cultureseven more so when the cultural distances are wide, as patterns of logic and nomenclature are different and a special emphasis is put on rhetoric.Again, after some time, one grows accustomed to the new culture and develops routines. One knows what to turn out in most situation s and the host country no longer feels all that new. One becomes concerned with basic living again, and things become more normal. One starts to develop problem-solving skills for dealing with the culture and begins to accept the cultures ways with a positive attitude. The culture begins to make sense, and negative reactions and responses to the culture are reduced.In the mastery stage assignees are able to participate fully and comfortably in the host culture. Mastery does not mean total conversion people often keep galore(postnominal) traits from their earlier culture, such as accents and languages. It is often referred to as the biculturalism stage. You step into a new cultural world. Everything around you is new. We should devise defense mechanisms to help us compete with the effects of culture shock.

MKT Unit 5 DB

Nowadays there are many more marketing channels available than there were 15, or even ten years ago. Now a company can market their products by means of a wide variety of channels sacrifice to them such as banners, video, wireless, desktop applications, etc in addition to the more traditional marketing channels of print media and television.Marketing is a very important blend in which plays a role in strategic be after as it has a direct effect upon profitability and sales. Larger businesses will dedicate specific rung and departments for marketing purposes, but it is not something that should be carried out in isolation from the rest of the business. The departments need to work together in order for strategic planning and techniques to be successful (GCSE, 2006)Lets take a look at how Sony may consider marketing its new PlayStation 3 (PS 3), which is to be launched in a couple of weeks in America. It has already begun the marketing campaign with a pre product launch press rel ease, wherein it allowed journalists to test the product. This would be an effective strategy as it would enhance the mystery and curiosity surrounding the product.I think other channels which would be most effective in the marketing of this product would be all of the new channels listed above banners, video, wireless, desktop applications, as well as television and the printed media, as long as the programs and publications used are aimed at the younger generation. Retail outlets would also have their own promotional material such as posters and cardboard cutouts on display. Sony could refer back to successes that they had in the marketing of the Sony Playstation 2, considering that according to them, an incredible 74 million Playstation 2s have been consumed a figure trumped by sales of the two iterations of the original PlayStation hardware, now standing at ampere-second million. (Spong, 2006)ReferencesGCSE, 2006, retrieved 26 Oct 2006 from the website http//64.37.122.55/busi ness/gcse/marketing_role_in_business.htmSpong, 2006, retrieved 26 Oct 2006 from the website http//news.spong.com/article/7902?cb=114

Job Application Letter & Resume Essay

I was introduced to your company by Mr. Brad Earls, one of your lead technicians. He has enlightened me that one of your D exclusivelyas offices is pursuing to hire qualified persons for your technical support department.I have more than a year and a half experience in the technical support field, inclusive of existence the senior technician at my doingplace now, Argon Technologies. Although I have no college experience, I have original hands-on training from a Board Certified technician, who is also the owner of the company now. He entangle that I was qualified enough to train, and after intimately six months, I was named the lead tech, over the opposite techs who worked here long before myself. Our company has tripled in size since my start date, however I am still the only in office tech. Please note that there have always been devil or more before I was an employee here. Unfortunately, this being a small, family owned business, I am about as high up here as I will ever be . Having received all-embracing training from this junior company, I feel it has prepared me to expand my knowledge and move up to a more prospering one.Candace N. Brooks(your address)(your contact numbers)(your email address)Objective To obtain a position in which I am able to maximize my technical skills, quality assurance, program development, and training experience.Professional stimulateArgon Technologies, August, 2007 to PresentSenior TechnicianResolved all customer issues over the phone or at their specific locations. Only technician in office for a growing ISP company with over 1,000 dial-up and wireless customers. obligated for computer repair on the side at the same company. Repaired VoIP phones, routers, PCs and other equipment. Handled all customer complaints in a professional manner. Mended issues with other companies doing business with ours.SkillsTrained in technical support, olympian customer service, quality leadership skills, accel with individual or teamwork, type up to 60 wpm, knowledgeable with more or less Microsoft programs (word, excel, powerpoint, access, ect.) and Adobe photoshop, reader, and acrobat. Trained in data entry, scheduling, billing, ect. (entry level office work). Can prioritize workload and work in a fast-paced environment. Excellent written and verbal communication skills (detail oriented).EducationUniversity of Phoenix Online healthcare AdministrationBland High SchoolMerit, TexasOrganizations2006 2008Troophelper.comGreenville, TexasVolunteer

Coca-Cola Company

Strategic be after determines where an organization is going everyplace the next year or more, how its going to get there and how itll know if it got there or non. The charge of a strategical plan is usu bothy on the entire organization, while the focus of a tune plan is usu all(prenominal)y on a particular product, service or program. there argon a variety of perspectives, models and approaches used in strategic planning. The way that a strategic plan is developed depends on the nature of the organizations leadership, culture of the organization, complexity of the organizations environment, size of the organization and expertise of planners.Coca-Cola Company My organisation is Coca-Cola and my organisation ex unitaryrate strategic plans by their mission statement To refresh the world in mind, body and spirit, To inspire moments of optimism through and through our brands and actions, To create value and make a difference everywhere we engage, their value statement Our over lap values that we are guided by are Leadership, Passion, Integrity, Accountability, Collaboration, Innovation and Quality, their aims and objectives The aim and objective of Coca-Cola Enterprises is to be the best beverage sales and customer service company.To them best means being the number one or second brand in every category in which they compete, being their customers most cute supplier and establishing a winning and inclusive culture corporate values and aims meeting stakeholders expectations. Their organisational social organization ensures that all the people of the same skills are grouped together the main advantage of this type of management is that it allows the members of the team to share any information more freely across boundaries which would otherwise have existed.This type of organisational structure is called a matrix structure and it primarily helps Coca Cola company to achieve their aims and objectives because theyre open to cross section information from different departments of the company, so for example if theyre not selling their beverages so well then they squeeze out communicate with the managers to either take them off stock or trim down the price for a bit whilst more customers are attracted to it. This can be attained by their structure.Today, the searching organisation recognises that its own future well-being is, to a certain extent, dependent on the well-being of the communities inwardly which it operates at a local, national and global level. It is important that investments which take place in the community, in footing of education, the environment, training, art and cultural institutions and many other causes are carefully thought through throughout the company. Decisions connect to corporate citizenship are rather more difficult than the traditional blood decisions which managers are used to making. soak up aims and objectives need to be set up which fit well with an organisations corporate values and aims. T he intelligent organisation straight off takes these issues seriously and seeks to design careful, flexible, comprehensive strategies to guide their decisions. Organisations such as The Coca-Cola Company therefore have established strategies for corporate citizenship. Coca-Colas dodge recognises that the well-being of communities is inextricably linked to the well-being of the business environment.A healthy business climate cannot co-exist for long with an ailing social environment. Strengthening both is therefore a finishing for Coca-Cola. Coca-Cola is planning to increase international distribution and target international consumers with Japanese customers by maintaining a consistent strategy overseas, this structure helps the business to achieve their overall purpose and aims by making them more popular throughout more countries and promote them. This then makes more people aware of them and so a lot of their products are sold out more recently.Their organisational structure al so helps them to achieve their purpose and aims as the structure allows all the employees to communicate with each other and so allows them to come out with more ideas as a entirely group. Marks and Spencers company Marks and Spencers is my other organisation and the structure of the organisation and the strategic planning helps each business including the Marks and Spencers business organisations achieve their overall purpose and aims. There are many ways in which the business organisations do to accomplish this their vision statement- Our Vision To be the standard against which all others are measured.Their mission statement- Our Mission To make aspirational quality accessible to all. Their values statement- Our Values Quality, value, service, innovation and trust. Whether were working at home or abroad, within our own stores or in partnership with our franchisees, our Vision, Mission and Values remain the same. Ensuring we meet our customers needs with likeable, superior qualit y products at spellbinding prices and their aims and objectives- Our aims and objectives To make money for the shareholders, and improve profit margins wherever possible.They do this by- Designing appealing products for its customers, innovating products and selling at prices that their customers are prepared to pay. The organisational structure for Marks and Spencers displays the hierarchy design, which shows how the people include rank from most important to least important. This type of structure is a functional structure and is utilitarian for relatively large companies. Employees within the functional structure are differentiated to perform a specialise set of tasks.This helps Marks and Spencers to achieve their aims and objectives as for instance the marketing department would only be staffed with marketers responsible for the marketing of the Masks and Spencers products. The structure also helps this company to achieve its aims and objectives because as a result it does en d up making money for the shareholders and can improve profit margins wherever possible by knowing whos in charge of who, and who are the most important people for the job, which can make the decisions if needed to either reduce stock or raise stock as theyd be experienced.They have a commitment called Plan A which is all about environmental issues within the business. Things like, not sending waste to landfill and cutting carbon emissions. Although this is a good thing, it is mainly to improve its image and again, shape up people to shop with them. We launched Plan A in January 2007, setting out 100 commitments to achieve in 5 years. Weve now extended Plan A to 180 commitments to achieve by 2015, with the ultimate goal of becoming the worlds most sustainable major retailer.This is Marks and Spencers strategic planning and they entrust achieve this by working with their customers and suppliers to combat climate change, reduce waste, use sustainable raw materials, mint ethically, and help their customers to lead healthier lifestyles Marks and Spencers are currently providing their customers with food and cloth function and they are aiming to continue investing in and grow with providing service to their retail business. They are now introducing unfermented clothing items for all ages and gender.This will help them meet their long term objective of growing and investigate within the UK retails. The cascading of goals and objectives should be motiving the entire workforce. The employees have to work together to implement the strategy and objectives and this also includes bread and butter organisations and to achieve a greater cascading of goals and objectives the organisations must try to enforce balance among its customer relationship, financial perspective and having better objectives to focus on the growth outlook.

Courage in To Kill a Mockingbird Essay

Courage is justifiedly esteemed the first of human qualities because it is the quality which guarantees all others, (Winston Churchill). There are several different ship canal t be bravenessous. Harper Lee, in her 1960 novel, To Kill a scoffer, uses courage as a primary(prenominal) theme. Harper Lee demonstrates that if one can aver the law, transpose or outride rooted in their morals, they are a minority among people who lack the ability to do so. In To Kill a Mockingbird there are different characters that show it takes a certown(prenominal) amount of courage to tell the truth.When Dolphus Raymond said, You little folk wont tell on me now, will you? Itd ruin my genius if you did, (Lee 227) after he showed the kids that is was Coke in his paper and not alcohol. It was to make the children feel better virtually the trial. He had the courage to tell the kids the truth, right when there was a whole lot of lying going on in the courtroom, and risked them spreading his story. A nother great example is that Tom Robinson, during his trial, had the courage to tell the truth about why he regularly helped Mayella. When Mr.Gilmer asked Tom why he was so obliged to do Mayellas chores for free, Tom ruined any chance he had of winning the case by answering, I felt right sorry for her, she seemed to try moren the rest of em, (224). Back in the 1930s in the southern hills of Maycomb County, Alabama, where this story takes place, how dare a black man feel sorry for a white woman. The white citizens of the south call upd that blacks were the lowest of the low. Lower than trailer trash, like the Ewells. What Tom said contradicted the expectation of the time and he died because of it.Not legion(predicate) characters have the strength to tell the truth, however some do and the make a world of change. Harper Lee, in To Kill a Mockingbird, shows the readers that having the ability to change is rather significant. Not everyone can, and change can take your life, shake it a bit and when its put backrest down you dont know if it is for better or for worse. Scout always used to go through into fights. One day, Atticus asked Scout to stop fighting. Scout loves her father very much and doesnt trust to disappoint him so she listened, no matter how much she got chided for it.When I committed myself to a policy of cowardice. invent got around that Scout Finch wouldnt fight anymore, her daddy wouldnt let her, (92). It was courageous of her to change because fighting was a big part of her life and her peers were sure to tease her. Another character that exemplifies the courage to change is Mrs. Dubose. She was addicted to morphine but had the courage to change for the final hours of her life, even though she knew she would die short no matter what. I wanted you to see what real courage is, instead of getting the image that courage is a man with a gun in his hand.Courage is when you know youre beat before you begin but you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what, (128). Mrs. Dubose had the courage to change and died content with herself. Its clear that you need to be courageous to change because not many characters change in this story. Maycomb was born in ignorance and Maycomb continued to live in ignorance. The most courageous acts in To Kill a Mockingbird occur when a character is alone in their morals and remain rooted in those morals no matter what.Atticus is a perfect example of psyche sticking to their guns. The reason that he gives his children as to why he is defending the black man, Tom Robinson is, ahead I can live with other folks, Ive got to live with myself, (120). A different example is at the end of the book, when chick Radley kills Bob Ewell. Sherriff Tate sticks to his morals by reporting that Mr. Ewell fell on his knife. Sherriff Tate told Atticus that if Boo was charged with murder, the attention he would receive from the towns women would kill Boo.Another example of a character being steadfast in their morals is when Calpurnia, knowing that everyone is equal, takes Jem and Scout to the black peoples church. Some of the black folks werent very welcoming to the kids because they were white. Lula stopped, but she said, You aint got no business bringin white chillun here-they got their church, we got ourn. It is our church aint it Miss Cal? Calpurnia said, Its the same perfection aint it? (136). These characters truly are minorities.That is when they shine and are model citizens of Maycomb County. Seems like being alone, fighting for what they believe in, makes them stronger. In To Kill a Mockingbird, it is the characters that have the courage to stand out against racism and break the placement quo of Maycomb County that are a minority among the characters that dont. Courage is one of the biggest themes in To Kill a Mockingbird and only a special few are able to possess it. As Reggie White said, God places the heaviest burden on those who can carry its weight.

Cultural Interaction Analysis Essay

Mining is a process that is composed of three major logical, organized and sequential phases geographic expedition, development and production with unique risks, frugal considerations and constraints characterizing each stage. Before deciding to develop a mine the minelaying comp either first considers the companionable, socio sparing and surroundal consequences of the decision. This paper discusses the problems that the foreign digging companies face while undertaking their dig processes in a familiarity with different civilisation than theirs.The major hitches they faced by and large included power differential, permeability and psychosocial factors ilk suspicion and fear mingled with the company staff and the local companionship members. A Canadian bills mining company in Ghana faced these ch aloneenges during their stay in this West African country. The crises originated from phrase barrier and past experiences the local communities encountered with former(a) mini ng firms.Although the official language in Ghana is side the big percentage of local residents were illiterate and were but conversant with their local dialects. This made conversation a problem as the miners could non l see those languages easily. Even with the assistance of interpreters at that place was distortion of facts extending into power differences. Similarly, sections of the alliance were so indifferent with the mining company since the previous mining companies had negative effects to their environment and families.Their children whom they taught were to earn their living from these mining companies were sort of exploited. However, the major factors that affected the company- association coincidences and which besides had an immense jar on how exploration activities were viewed by this p nontextual mattericipation included First, the cultural diversity betwixt modern descent practices of veritable countries as represented by exploration activities and tradi tional communities. Second, was the extreme power differential that come throughed in any contact between the cardinal interacting groups.The locals perceived the exploration activities in seclusion and with minimal knowledge of the larger picture within the mining diligence and therefore they were not merely uncertain but likewise fearful concerning the exploration activities. The local friendship r arly understood the risks that were associated with mineral exploration as easy as the period of cadence required to prove the economic viability of the mineral deposits. They further assumed that a mining company would only invest huge amounts of money with a fixed magazine stray for advanced exploration.The mining companies were unable to bridge these power differentials that resulted into justifiable expectations as well as fears from the locals. only if the expectations were antagonistic to the reality on the ground about the mine to be developed. These communities were un able to distinguish between a major company and a junior company whereby to them these companies appe atomic number 18d to be equally rich, powerful and potentially threatening. Additionally, the local community feargond being marginalized due to language barrier and power impermeability and wished to be presumptuousness a continuous update of day-to-day events of the company.They further expected to receive immediate answers to their worries from the company officials. Since these fears were not greeted in time by this Canadian company there immerged ill-founded rumors and misinformed messages which gained credibility within and among the community members resulting into increased fear and disquiet from the community (Ian Thomson and Susan A. Joyce 2000). This office staffs surrounded by fear and distrust between the community and the company severed the communication and understanding between the two giving way to outside disport groups and thus impairing further efforts for d eliberations.The experiences and the termination to which the community felt uncertain about the future impacts of mining activities mining industry led into increased suspicions. The Communities viewed the mining industries differently depending on the previous exposure to mining explorations. Members of those communities without a history of mining were naive and inactive towards exploration activities which were taking place around them since they believed that good things similar job opportunities and development of the atomic number 18a were to be associated with these explorations as well as mining activities.On the former(a) hand, the responses of those communities which had an history of mining were several(a) since some were willing to wel arrest exploration while others unwilling and instead turned hostile to the presence of foreign interest or as well as contradictory a return to environmental and social destructiveness experienced in previous mining activities. Area s with small shield artisan mining were so much opposed to these mining activities since they feared being displaced, their traditional livelihoods being destroy and alteration of their way of life within their community.The mining company did not request time to both(prenominal)er the local community understood well the nature of their work as well as address the hopes, fears, traditions and social norms that may result into conflict and negative consequences to all parties. However, the mining company could prevent all these from occurring by forming a community relations team whose major role would be to mitigate the impacts as well as to build a harmonious relationship establish on proper handling of expectations, prevention and resolution of conflicts.The community relations team should also be complicated in incorporating the results of wager holders, mapping process, identification of Impact area and summarizing quantifiable objectives and targets based on management indicators that are measurable (Chuck F and Fernando R. 2007). Equally, the community relations programs and policies should cover local purchasing, local manpower, hiring training, land purchase and resettlement grade resolution.The community should be consulted in every endeavor that the industry engages in as well as collaborating with the local communities to fully understand the social cultural values and aspirations and reach a consensus on the trounce priorities identified by the community. 2nd Analysis It has been established that Canadian mining companies have the largest stake in the mining industry in most third gentlemans gentleman countries. Official records indicate that this stake is at 30% of all mining prospects in Africa.South Africa too plays a huge role, it is home to some(prenominal) giants mining companies in Africa and consequently the largest mining company is the world DeBeers is based and headquartered in Johannesburg, South Africa, it has mining inter ests expanding throughout the world. These two companies have dominated the mining industry mostly in the third world and have over the past years been on the focus over various routines but mostly centering on their relationships with the surrounding environment and the communities As afore maintained, mining companies have strained relations with the locals.This relation is centrally compounded by the difference in cultural dis stains and the overbearing ulterior motivates of mining companies. good remains the basic drive in business and the mining companies pursue it at whatever cost, galore(postnominal) times with no consideration of the locals needs and priorities. An analysis of cultural interaction between the miners and the local communities must take this in to account. A formula too in Latin America also produces this strict picture. Latin Americans have been up in arms over what they claim are exploitative tendencies from the mining companies.This is the basis of a nalysis of the culture between the miners and the next communities. The relationship between employees and the neighboring community is also equally strained and both have a rough time interacting with each other. A look at the mining culture over time indicates that it tends to disregard the community interests and the relations between the two are usually digress to a bode of antipathy Jacobdeen Higgins is an engineer with one of Canadian companies based in Latin America. This is his fifth month in Ecuador, having been transferred to Quito after leaving an equally stipendiary job in his homeland Canada.His relocation to Ecuador was after a promise of a hefty fee as well as other fringe benefits. In his middle age, this is his first time to prompt out of Canada and consequently his interaction with people from the developing countries. He has been born and raised in a country and a neighborhood that has not amply prepared him to interact with people of diverse backgrounds and mostly those that live with an income of below a dollar per day. This factor is further exacerbated by the nature of his occupation. He is a miner and the perception the locals in Ecuador have of miners is one of fear and hatred.They see them as exploitative and only seeking to deflower the vast virginal and resourceful land in Ecuador. The first issue Higgins has come to grapple with is the difference in the orientation of the local communities cultures and way of life with that of Canadian miners. There exist such fundamental variations in the two cultures such that the interests between them are always at a crossroad. The first barrier and major difference that Higgins has had to cope with is the language. This however is not unique to Canadian miners in Latin America but is a problem faced by most miners in foreign lands and aggravates an already sour mooring.This is one predicament that miners tend to overlook. They do not take time to curb a few lessons on the cultural dis position of the local communities. Higgins is only fluent in English, it is his only language and beside that he can only catch a few French words. On the other hand Ecuador is a Spanish speaking country and in deed it is the official language. Besides that, there are other local dialects that would take years to learn. His company has based its operations in Napo province.It is a territory that is laden with mineral resources, but the company has centrally for the time being focused on gold. The communities residing in Napo province are yet to come in to contact with large mining companies with such huge machines and large workforce mainly composing of foreigners. Very few too understand or speak English. The majority of the leading personnel on these mining companies do not understand Spanish or worse still the local dialects Higgins has been at pains trying to interact with local community and mostly has to employ the use of interpreters who charge exorbitant prices.His position in the company requires him to source for laborers from the neighboring villages and small towns, in so doing the potential laborers have to undergo strenuous interviews to establish their skills and competencies. This is a incubus he has to contend with in his daily activities. First comes the issue of hostility from the locals and then the tricky situation of the local language (www. mineralresourcesforum). Small-scale mining has been entrenched in the local communitys economic system. Artisan miners roam all over and wield so much influence in the community due to the lucrative nature of their venture.To them, and equally to the rest of the community, Higgins and his work colleagues are foreigners and should be accorded the treatment suit intruders. This however is understandable as the large companies pose a threat to their livelihood. To the rest of the community the miners are a threat to their lands and open hostility is only way to pass this message. Others in the same com munity view Higgins with a mixture of dread and awe. He drives a big four-wheel state of the art vehicle, a luxury machine and a reserve of the top government executives and rich businessmen.He all the way does not understand the lives of the locals and does not understand why the locals are reluctant to leave their lands when there is a goldmine lying underneath. In his first days in Napo province, Higgins had been enthusiastic of this first chance to interact with the locals, however his friendly grins were usually met with cold stares and mostly harsh insults form the locals as he later on came to learn from a political representative who nowadays acts as his guide just because he understands a few English words.Communication has been difficult to a point of frustration, attempts to reward with kind words or reprimand his employees are met with again cold stares they just cant communicate with each other. This has resulted to a situation characterized by hostility from both the company and the local community. They rarely communicate with each other beyond a point of need. Higgins is now filled with disparage for the locals. He has been unable to understand their needs and incomplete their hostility, to him and to the rest of the miners. The minimal interaction he has had with the locals has not helped patch this ill feeling towards them.But for the sordid source of labor, Higgins would not wish to interact in any way. This is the notion and the perception held by both parties and emanates from the inherent cultural differences existing between the miners and the communities. Whereas miners such as Higgins are driven by face-to-face economic motives, the locals on the other hand are wary of the miners and fail to see the spacious call economic benefits that may arise, they abhor the environmental degradations and social afflicts the mining will have on the environs and especially on their lands.3rd Analysis This Canadian mining company has also to c ontend with the take exception of sanctuary, more so, convincing the community of the appropriateness of the measures put in place to ensure the safety of the workers and the environment. The issue of communication not withstanding, safety concerns continue to bug the mining companies. It is not a secret the extent of devastation meted out against the locality of the mining operations. They leave huge dents on the surface of the earth and maltreat the raw(a) habitat permanently.The surrounding communities are aware of this and they usually fight tooth and nail to have the companies relocate their activities or demand huge compensations, which in most cases pass unyielded to. Higgins is in the same position he stands between a rock and a hard place. The company wants to mine, explore and exit within the allocated time but the neighboring communities are unrelenting in their adamant resolve not to give way.Miners culture has over time not demonstrated any considerations for the w elfare of the environment, driven by surreptitious intentions, environmental needs take a back seat being overridden by wampum maximization needs. rarely does it have any room for plough backs directed towards environmental conservation. Being in an influential position as he is, Higgins is at the forefront in building a favorable relationship between the community and the company. He is also aware of the implications of the companys mining operations but he is not in a position to call the shots within the management.He has a rough time trying to make his guide understand this. He also thinks that the devastations caused by the miners are exaggerated compared to the benefits that are reaped through mining. As the guide tells him, the local communitys hostility emanates from this fear. They fear the environmental impact of the mining project, the hazards that lie in wait resulting from the industrial wastes and air pollution from clouds of dusts emanating from the earths bowels. A look at the vast lands in Napo province reveals an expansive land untainted by the vulgarities of modernity. nigh of the land is still in its virginal state and is characterized by uninhabited territories that remain revered and hold dear by the locals. The mood on the ground is set against the mining companies operations. The vast natural habitat is a source of spiritual inspiration to the surrounding communities and has come to wither a lot of human onslaughts. To Higgins and the mining company in general, those perceived considerations do not hold any water. They are in business and will pursue their interests to the end. It is an economic venture that eventually stands to benefit the locals through employment opportunities.Producing more benefits than the natural habitat in its current state stands to do. Mining culture is impervious to environmental hazards consideration its eye are on the prize and not on the sideshows. It is not in line with the local communities worries on safety in the environment. Miners are hungry for profit and the only way to maximize it is through intensify their explorations. Higgins guide cannot understand this selfish drive and likewise the local communitys does not. They value social interactions and solidarity more than economic ventures.The community is close knit and not highly commercialized to a point of neglecting social ties. The attachment with the environment is to a point of divinity. The environment is clean and the mining operations are a threat to this, they fear that it will bring pollution that in the end might result to diseases and other health complications. The safety of the environment remains the central factor. To most local communities where mining takes place, the environment is not the only safety consideration safety within the mine is also taken into account.Higgins has had a rough time trying to explain the safety measures put in place to ensure that his (and that of other employees) safety in t he mines, but the few incidences in the mines world over that have resulted to fatalities are a prove that the unexpected sometimes happen. His guide as well as the rest of the community are convinced otherwise. The prevalent perception and notion held by the majority of the local people is that the mines are not a safe place to work in, the sight of the complicated machines and the large pits confirms this, the miners recognize these machines and the large pits as a source of livelihood.Higgins is an engineer and understands the internal dynamics of these machines. He has operated these machines and been in the bottom of the pits for years and is convinced that they are safe. The necessary measures have been put in place to ensure this. This is the same headache face Higgins as he tries to recruit more and more workers. The local community is adamant on the safety hazard of the mine. They claim that it can collapse any moment as a result of the invigorate vexation towards humani ty for destroying its habitat.Few people are volunteering for the underground mining due to the perceived hazards. The local community is also set against this. Families, even in the rampant poverty, are willing to see their family members involved in the mining activities. Pressure is being put by the families of the young men who are in search of quick bucks in the mines, they dont want to see them volunteering for the underground operations. The local community, tally to Higgins guide, knows that the dust from the mine can lead to health complications that can turn fatal in the long run.A look at the local communities cultural beliefs, practices and perceptions reveals that they are different from the mining culture. Miners are more concerned with the output and the benefits in the mines more than with the safety environmental consideration. Miners are trained scientists and rarely take a course on social relations. They do not understand the complexities of the local community and the diverse nature of their culture (Lia Bryant and Delrdre Tedmanson 2002). To them, mining is just but a renewed opportunity to make a killing.It is important that the mining culture undergoes a major transformation to ensure that miners are more antiphonary to the local communities needs and aspirations. They should enact mechanisms through which the mining companies should plough back a portion of their profit back into the community to ensure a trickle down effect to the people on the ground. The hostility that arises between the mining companies and the locals usually is furthered by the reluctance of the miners to take time and understand the local community.the great unwashed are of diverse cultural backgrounds and have some ununderstandable attachment to their ancestral lands. This is not expected to careen over night. Understanding the underlying cultural factors and language should be a prerequisite to mining activities. References Ian Thomson and Susan A. Joyce (20 00-08-17). Minerals exploration and the challenge Of community relations PDAC accessed online on 23/10/07 http//www. pdac. ca. pda/members/community/relate. pdf Chuck foster and Fernando Rivera (2007) Mining in Ecuador Hard assets investor. comAccessed online on 23/10/2007 http//hardassetsinvestor. com/index. php Lia Bryant and Delrdre Tedmanson (2002) Diversity in the mining industry the International journal of knowledge, culture and change management. Accessed Online on 23/10/2007 http//ijm. cgpublisher. com/product/pub. 28/prod. 241 reestablish Mthethwa, Matthews Hlabane, and Ibinini Mara Breaking communication Barriers between communities affected by mining and the mining industry in South Africa accessed online on 2007 October 23rd. http//www. mineralresourcesforum. org/docs/pdfs/communication. pdf

Italian Neorealism and National Cinema

The question whether to consider a particular film part of study pic is still unanswered. What is interior(a) motion-picture show? What separates it from other forms of film genres? What makes it part of ones culture and how does it illuminate individualism and patriotism? Films argon often described as societys formulateions or representations. Beca wasting disease of films utilization and articulatio of visual imageries, storytelling becomes more vivid and concretely presented. In addition to that, the presence of a harp actors and actresses makes film more in touch with reality.This is one advantage that films possess over other depicted object art and treasures such(prenominal) as literature and music. The truth of the matter is, it is a combination of both literature, music, visual and performing arts. If the residential district renders such notions nigh national cinema, then the dictates of logic and reason pronto show that each and any featured film shown in big trys argon parts of a bigger picture cognise as national cinema. However, the problem is that members of the academe and scholars alike seem to be uncomfortable in subsidence to such an idea.theme CinemaKeith Cameron noted that in discussing national cinema, there are axis of reflections that should be considered 1. These are the servicemanner in which films are enunciated. 2 The second one pertains to divergent texts and images that these films want to promote or imply.3 The last but definitely not the least, is how to locate these films within the national context.4 These three aspects are of gravid immensity to this particular discussion. This would bring a better contextualization of De Sicas Bicycle Thieves and how it fits in into the national cinema category.According to Cameron, there are three ways to enunciate films and that is based on the actual social structure and content of the film involved, the analyses and discussions that are given to it and the instituti ons in which these films are shown and made available to the public. 5With this regard, Cameron questions the differentiation of favorite cinema from national cinema. First of all, Cameron seem to imply that although just about films or productions are supported by the government or even if the outlandish involve, such as France for example releases large numbers of film, these merely faecal matternot really define national cinemas true meaning. If such is the case, it seems that the term national cinema is too encompassing yet too specific. It is encompassing since, it basically involves films within the region and specific, since each of these cinematic productions goes through the scrutinizing eyes of various critics and members of the academic intelligentsia.This brings us to the second mode of enunciation which has something to do with the discourses that are attributed to a particular film. More often than not, to determine whether a film would best fit chthonic the nati onal context is based on the studies that deconstruct every ingredient that embodies a locally produced film. On the other hand, Cameron seem to imply that certain organizations which are actively involved in preserving these films play an definitive role in film classificationso much so, that a local film cannot be considered as part of national cinema unless these institutions tells so.Turning to the second axis, it is important to look at different symbols and imageries that are embedded in the film. National cinema tends to depict societal and systemic issues. Such quick promotes nationalism, identity, culture and history. But there are overly occasions wherein the policy-making structure of a country or state, that are often evident in censorship rules also affect the whole story. governmental turmoil can either reinforce the inclusion of nationalistic advocacies and movements in film elements or it can silence these works of art and transform it into mere commodities.As f or the case of the third axis, Cameron noted that localisation of function cinemas within the national context should be examined as a mixture of different film genres that are present within the country. Plurality seem to be an important factor in specify films as part of national cinema that are differentiated by six typologies such as the following narratives, genres, codes and conventions, gesturality and morphology, the star as the sign and the cinema of the centre and of the periphery. 6Italian Neorealism and National CinemaGiven this location at hand, there is no doubt that national cinema, most especially in Italy has taken the tending of many. Angelo Restivo explained that a comparison cinemas that are not produced in Hollywood readily shows that extensive studies and researches has been conducted towards Italian cinema.7 found from this argument, clearly, Italian films exemplify the second mode of enunciation wherein it concerns the discourses that revolve around the film per se.One of the biggest contributions of Italy in the cinematic world is the rise of a genre more popularly known as Neorealism. 8 The defining characteristics of Neorealism are its strong emphasis on social and economic as well as political depiction of society. 9 Maria Prammaggiore and Tom Wallis elucidated that the rise of this film genre occurred during World War IIs aftermath. Roberto Rossellino, Vittorio De Sica and Luchnio Visconti are considered as the main proponents of the said film movement. 10 This has readily contributed into the growth and development of art films that are being offered in the public.With this regard, there is a need to understand national cinema and its seemingly unavoidable fusion with Neorealism. If Neorealism began during the time wherein communities are torn with war and pauperization, then the film genre is expected to be part of a much diverse category, which is of course national cinema.An examination of De Sicas Bicycle Thieves seems to reflect the social dilemmas that are present in Italy. The Bicycle Thieves is a story of a struggling man who is desperate to land a good job in the city. He has a family to raise and terrene expenses are synonymous to general curses. Ricci, who is the main protagonist of the story, is in dire need of a motorcycle since it is one of the jobs primary requirements. Job opportunities are scarce and there are also other applicants who are readily qualified for the position. In order to get the job, he and his wife pawned some of their precious possessions to get a bike.The world literally crumbled during the war. Economies dropped down and more individuals were denied to have a right on means of living. This is well articulated in the film. Riccis undertakings represent the experiences of an individual that is in extreme poverty and desperation. Therefore, it has the tendency to reflect the sentiments of persons who are also engulfed in such situation. Italy is not spared from th e wars intrusion and De Sica showed that even a great city encounter severe problems.Thus, the social and economic aspect of national cinema in this case is already manifested. Furthermore, since Neorealism, as the term realism depicts, emphasizes capturing reality on screen or at least being closed to reality in that manner. In order to sue this, conversational language and natural settings are readily utilized to imbue the real effect. 11In the prototypical scene alone, Riccis environment already manifests extreme poverty. Natural sounds are basically not edited or polished in order to present the realities of the movies setting and thus its artificiality is readily reduced. The striking techniques of realism and at the same time, the claims of national cinema make a perfect combination. by chance it can be best explained that Neorealism falls under the category of national cinema.Out of the need to live and survive, Ricci became a bicycle thief too. Apparently, this situation demonstrates wars remnants. There is the struggle to live throughout the whole war per se. But the battle is even harder when on how to continue life after the incident. The use of close-up shots in the film further heightens the drama that is presented in the film. However, De Sica does not seem to place much importance on dramas that are filled romantic notionsbut rather on what is evident in the world.Linda Badley, Barton Palmer and Steven Schneider 12 explained that questions about Neorealism have something to do with insufficient funding. The raw and organic styles that it features are out of necessity rather than double-dyed(a) stylistic and aesthetically-related techniques, according to its critics. But then again, Badly, Palmet and Schneider discussed that on-location shoots are even more expensive since some factors such as the weather and lighting cannot be controlled and that it should go through a series of finishing touches for it to enthral the desired effect. 13Nat ional cinema as forwardly discussed is a celebration of societys everyday affairs. De Sica and his great interest and fervor desire in promoting Neorealism is a concrete example of a guiltless national cinema. Once and for all, the mere fact that Neorealism deals with reality simply purports that national values and experiences are highlighted. The visual imageries that are used in Bicycle Thieves connote a strong presentation of Italys previous political and social upheavals that has to be confronted. The aim to depict this reality goes hand in hand with the mark to readily champion a vital change that is essential in Italys community. Due to this, national cinema transforms into an art form worthy of praise and recognition.BibliographyBadley, L, R Palmer& S Schneider. Traditions in World Cinema. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 2006Cameron, C, National Identity. Intellect Books, Great Britain, 1991Prammagiore, M & and T Wallis, Film A Critical Introduction. Laurence King Publishing, London, 2005Restivo, A, The Cinema of scotch Miracles Visuality and Modernization in the Italian artistry Film, Duke University Press, USA, 20021 K Cameron, National Identity. Intellect Books, Great Britain, 1991, p. 96 2 ibidem 3 Ibid. 4 5 Ibid. 6 Ibid. 7 A Restivo, The Cinema of Economic Miracles Visuality and Modernization in the Italian Art Film, Duke University Press, USA, 2002, p.3 8 M Prammagiore & and T Wallis, Film A Critical Introduction. Laurence King Publishing, London, 2005, p.310 9 Ibid. 10 Ibid. 11 Ibid. 12 L Badley, R Palmer, S Schneider, Traditions in World Cinema. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 2006, p. 32 13 Ibid